vertical coordinates การใช้

• Nonhydrostatic models use altitude or sigma altitude for their vertical coordinates.
• In vertical coordinates, the momentum equation simplifies to the hydrostatic equilibrium equation.
• The vertical coordinate is handled in various ways.
• The vorticity equation for a frictionless atmosphere may be written using pressure as the vertical coordinate:
• In the Rosen chart, these appear as vertical coordinate lines, since that chart is comoving.
• Some models, such as Richardson's 1922 model, use geometric height ( z ) as the vertical coordinate.
• This version revealed that the use of an integrated model based on a generic vertical coordinate is a very powerful tool.
• In this image, the contrast amplitude depends only on the vertical coordinate, while the spatial frequency depends on the horizontal coordinate.
• The RAND Tablet employed a grid of wires under the surface of the pad that encoded horizontal and vertical coordinates in a small magnetic signal.
• It is a special case of the equidistant cylindrical projection in which the horizontal coordinate is the longitude and the vertical coordinate is the latitude.
• Regions are implemented using both vertical and horizontal rasters " ), each of which contains a vertical coordinate followed by a list of horizontal inversion coordinates.
• The precise form of the primitive equations depends on the vertical coordinate system chosen, such as pressure coordinates, log pressure coordinates, or sigma coordinates.
• This elimination of the vertical coordinate was first done by Joseph Boussinesq in 1871, to construct an approximate solution for the solitary wave ( or wave of translation ).
• In case of deep water  by which is meant limit as the vertical coordinate goes to minus infinity : " z " ?!- ".
• The vertical coordinate \ zeta has a special significance, since all the reciprocal lattice points which have a constant \ zeta value lie in the plane normal to the rotation axis.
• The mathematical description of the free-surface in these Gerstner waves can be as follows : the horizontal coordinates are denoted as x and z, and the vertical coordinate is y.
• The upper gyro has its spin axis oriented along the north-south grid coordinate axis and is sensitive to torques ( airplane rotations ) about the east-west and vertical coordinate axes.
• The essential idea in the Boussinesq approximation is the elimination of the vertical coordinate from the flow equations, while retaining some of the influences of the vertical structure of the flow under water waves.
• Since the Player / Missiles are an overlay independent from Playfield graphics and are rendered in the overscan area the vertical coordinates for Player / Missile data must be offset to align objects with the Playfield.
• In this form pressure is selected as the vertical coordinate and the horizontal coordinates are written for the Cartesian tangential plane ( i . e . a plane tangent to some point on the surface of the Earth ).